初中英语(数词)


数词1.什么是数词?
表示数目“多少”和顺序“第几”的词叫数词。分为基数词和序数词。参看课本,记牢 读音和拼写。
2. 基数词的用法
(1)表示“哪一年”,每两位数一读。
1998年,读作 nineteen ninety—eight 2009年 读作 two thousand and nine
(2)表示“几点” at five o’clock
(3)表示编号 no.101 bus
(4)表示加减乘除 one and two is three.
(5)表示小数 5.3 读作 five point three
(6)表示百分数 40% 读作 forty
初中英语(数词)插图
percent
3.什么情况下用序数词?
(1)表示日期 3月8号 写作:march (the) eighth 读作: march the eighth
(2)表示分数 1/6 one sixth 3/5 three fifths
六、代词1.什么是代词?如何分类?
代词是用来代替名词以及起名词作用的短语、分句和句子的一类词。按其指代作用不同可分为人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词、指示代词、反身代词、不定代词、关系代词、相互代词八类。
2. 人称代词
(1)人称代词的概念
人称代词是为了避免重复,用来代替前面提到的人或事物的名称的一类代词。
jim and liu tao ,miss li is waiting for you!
pick up your books and put them away.
(2) 人称代词的人称、数和格
人称代词是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我们”、“你们”、“他们”的词。表格见七年级附录
提示:说话的人为第一人称,听话的人为第二人称,被谈到的人或事物为第三人称。
人称
单数
复数
主格
宾格
主格
宾格
第一人称
i
me
we
us
第二人称
you
you
you
you
第三人称
he
him
they
them
she
her
it
it
(3)人称代词的基本用法
1人称代词主格在句中作主语,是动作的执行者。
she likes playing volleyball very much.
2人称代词宾格在句中作动词或介词的宾语,是动作的承受者。
mr. brown teaches us english.
you must look after them.
提示:两个以上人称代词并用时,通常you 放在第一位, i放在最后;复数we 放在第一位,they放在最后,简单记成:单数2.3.1;复数1.2.3。都是第三人称,女后男在先。you,tom and i are leaving next month.
3.物主代词
(1)物主代词的概念
物主代词是表示所有关系的一类代词。
this isn’t my
初中英语(数词)插图(1)
walkman.it’s hers.
(2)物主代词分类:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。
人称
单数
复数
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
形容词性物主代词
名词性物主代词
第一人称
my
mine
our
ours
第二人称
your
yours
your
yours
第三人称
his
his
their
theirs
her
hers
its
its
(3)物主代词的基本用法
1形容词性物主代词和形容词有相似之处,用来修饰名词,不可以单独使用。these are theirbooks. her name is cheng jie.
2名词性物主代词相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”,后面不必再加名词。
this is my pen .that is yours/your pen.
4. 疑问代词
(1)疑问代词基本用法
疑问代词在句中起名词词组的作用,常被用来构成疑问句,置于句首。
whose book is this ? what are you reading now?
(2)常见的疑问代词有:what,which,who,whom,whose等。指人的是who,whom,whose;指物的是:what;既可指人又可指物的是which。
which do you like better , tea or milk?
what’s your father?
whose books are these on the desk?
5. 指示代词
this,these ,指较近的事物;that, those指较远的事物。
6.反身代词
(1)反身代词的构成:myself, ourselves, yourself, yourselves herself, himself,
itself, themselves, oneself
(2)反身代词的用法
反身代词可以作宾语、表语、同位语等。
we enjoyed ourselves very much.
i bought a new coat for myself.
he himself did it .
7.不定代词
(1)常见的不定代词有:
all,each,both,either,neither,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone,
no one,everyone,something,anything,everything,none.
(2) 常见的不定代词区别
1both,either,neither
both表示“两者都”,either 表示“两者中的任何一个”,neither 表示“两者都不”。
both of us are right. either you two is ok. neither of us is right.
提示:
1.both +名词复数= either +名词单数
there are many trees on both sides of the street.
= there are many trees on either side of the street
2.both…and… 作主语时谓语动词用复数,either…or… 和 neither…nor…作主语时谓语动词的单复数与邻近的主语保持一致。
both tom and jenny are fromamerica.
either tom or i am right.=either i or tom is right.
neither tom nor i am right.=neither i nor tom is right.
2few, a few, 与little ,a little
few和a few 修饰可数名词的复数,谓语动词都用复数,little 和a little 修饰不可数名词,谓语动词都用单数。a few ,a little 是肯定的含义,意为“一些”; few,little是否定的含义,意为“几乎没有”。
a few students go to the park. few students go to the park.
he has a little hair. he has little hair.
3each 和every
each
初中英语(数词)插图(2)
和every都意为“每一个”,后面的谓语动词都要用单数。但each比every更强调个体。each具有形容词和代词两个词性,可以作句子主语;every只能作形容词,不作主语。
each (man)has his life. every singer has his successful song.
4other,another,the other,others,与the others
other表示“其他的,另外的”,后面跟名词或代词;“another+单数名词”意为“又一个,另外一个”,泛指。无限定范围;the other表示“另外一个”,指两者中的另外一个;others表示“其他人”,泛指复数含义,无限定范围,后面不能跟名词;the others表示“其他人”,特指的复数,指在一定范围内去除一部分后剩下的另一部分。
i have two flowers.one is red, the other one is white.
tom is taller than the others in his class.
would you like another cup of tea?
there are many people in the park, some are talking,some are flying kites and others are reading.

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